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Calculation in Spin-Orbital Coupling for Hydrogen atom

Physics Asked by wannaqc on May 11, 2021

I was calculating the spin-orbital correction in the fine structure of Hydrogen, but then bumped into an irritating problem.

In the process of calculation, I must calculate $langle n,l,j,m_j|frac{overrightarrow{S}cdotoverrightarrow{L}}{r^3}|n,l,j,m_jrangle $. In all of the textbooks and posts I read, they simply calculate the term as $langleoverrightarrow{S}cdotoverrightarrow{L}ranglelanglefrac{1}{r^3}rangle$.

Since I consider $frac{1}{r^3}$ an operator, I am wondering how the expectation value of the product of operators can be treated as the product of the expectation values.

Thanks in advance 🙂

One Answer

thank you for the interesting question. I guess that you can calculate the term as the product of expected values because the radial operator $1/r^3$ does not affect the angular part of the states, since you use the basis of spin-angular functions to describe the wave function (e.g. Eq. 5.3.8 in Sakurai "Modern Quantum Mechanics")

I hope this helps to clarify your question, or at least, to shed some light.

Answered by Pedro Fernández Soler on May 11, 2021

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