MathOverflow Asked on December 13, 2021
Let
There is the following well-known result: If $fin L^1(V)$ is differentiable, then the functional $$mathcal F(A):=int_Af:{rm d}lambda^{otimes d};;;text{for }Ainmathcal A$$ is "shape differentiable at $Omega$ in direction $v$", i.e. $$frac{mathcal F(Omega_t)-mathcal F(Omega_0)}txrightarrow{tto0+}int_{partialOmega}flangle v_0,nu_{partialOmega}rangle:{rm d}sigma_{partialOmega}tag3.$$
Now let $Y:[0,tau)to E_d$ with $$left.Y(t)right|_{Omega_t}=y(Omega_t);;;text{for all }tin[0,tau).$$ Then $y$ is called shape differentiable at $Omega$ in direction $v$ if $Y$ is Fréchet differentiable at $0$. In that case, $$y'(Omega)(v):=left.Y'(0)right|_{Omega}tag4.$$
How can we show that $(4)$ does not depend on the choice of $Y$?
Let $Y_i$ be two choices of $Y$. Clearly, $$0=int_{Omega_t}(Y_1(t)-Y_2(t))varphi:{rm d}lambda^{otimes d}tag5$$ for all $varphiin C_c^infty(U)$.
But why does differentiating $(5)$ with respect to $t$ yield $$0=int_Omega(Y_1′(0)-Y_2′(0))varphi:{rm d}lambda^{otimes d}+int_{partialOmega}(Y_1(0)-Y_2(0))varphilangle v_0,nu_{partialOmega}rangle:{rm d}sigma_{partialOmega}tag5?$$
The second term on the right-hand side of $(5)$ seems to be an application of $(3)$ for $f=Y_1(0)-Y_2(0))varphi$. But where does the first term come from? It seems to be some kind of product rule which is applied here …
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