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Assert the range of a binomial coefficient divided by power of a number

Mathematics Asked by vib_29 on November 29, 2021

I found this question in a previous year post graduate entrance exam for mathematics.The question was
What is the range of
begin{equation*}
frac{200 choose 100}{4^{100}}
end{equation*}

The choices were
begin{align*}
[frac{3}{4}, 1) && text{or} &&(0, frac{1}{2}) && text{or} && [1, infty) && text{or} && [frac{1}{2}, frac{3}{4})
end{align*}

3 Answers

Write the expression as $$frac {200!}{(2^{100}cdot 100!)(2^{100}cdot 100!)}$$ The first term in the denominator cancels all the even factors in the numerator, leaving us with $$left(frac{199}{200}right)left(frac{197}{198}right)left(frac{195}{196}right)ldotsleft(frac{1}{2}right)$$ The last factor is $frac 12$ and all the rest are less than $1$, so the product is less than $frac 12$

Answered by Ross Millikan on November 29, 2021

$$binom{n}{0}+binom{n}{1}+binom{n}{2}+...+binom{n}{n}=2^n$$ so you can rewrite $$begin{equation*} frac{200 choose 100}{4^{100}}=frac{200 choose 100}{2^{200}}=frac{200 choose 100}{binom{200}{0}+binom{200}{1}+binom{200}{2}+...+binom{200}{100}+...+binom{200}{199}+binom{200}{200}}<<1 end{equation*}$$ you can make a sence by looking at pascal's triangle $$1\1space 1\1 space 2 space 1 \ 1 space 3 space 3 space 1\1space 4space 6 space 4 space 1\1space 5 space 10 space 10 space 5space 1\1space 6 space 15 space 20 space 15space 6 space 1$$ for example at $n=4to frac{6}{16}<frac8{16}$ and $n=6to frac{20}{64}<frac 13$ and so on

Answered by Khosrotash on November 29, 2021

Hint:

Compare $binom{200}{100}$ with $sum_{k=0}^{200}binom{200}k$.

This in the understanding that: $$sum_{k=0}^{200}binom{200}k=2^{200}=4^{100}$$

Answered by drhab on November 29, 2021

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