Divide road network into road segments

I have a csv file with Latitude and Longitude information along with other information such as Street name. I am using as an example a map of a city and I have different points in the whole city’s road network. What I am trying to do is to divide the whole network into small road segments of different sizes depending on each street, like a segment can be 200 meters up to 1km. The only geographical data I am having is "Latitude, Longitude, Street, City".

I have found a similar question here using XTools on ArcGis but I am using QGIS. I want to do the same thing. Divide the road network into segments and get a unique ID for each segment with every observation in that segment and its distance.

I tried to do this task using python but it didn’t work well, like calculating the haversine distance.

I am new to QGIS and I am using the latest version, 3.14.16-Pi.