What type of touch button is this?

It’s hard to read the schematic from a photo, but I see an optical detector and SMD LED so I suspect it is an optical reflective switch with optical indicator using pulse mode detection. You can ohm out the circuit to create a schematic and make closer pictures on both sides of PCB. use a flash and get it in focus.

It's a capacitive touch sensing. This is used in many electric stove as its accuracy is high and it can come in direct contact of the surface need to be touched by the user.

Yes, you need a special IC which can read the events as, when someone touches the switch of comes very close, tiny current flows through it. It needs to be detected and event to be generated.Specific IC is available for this purpose.